WHAT IS SOFTWARE AND ITS TYPE ?

What is software and types of software with examples?

What is a Software? 

A software or computer software essentially a type of programs which enable the users to perform some particular specific task or actually used to operate their computer. It essentially directs all of the peripheral devices on the entire computer system- what exactly to do and how exactly to perform a task. A software plays a key role of a mediator between the user and the computer hardware. In the absence of software, a user essentially can’t perform any task on a computer. A software product development company is the one which develops software for the users. 

Detailed List of Types of Software 

 Generally, there are two main classifications of software, which are namely, System Software along with the Application Software. Let’s discuss them.

 1. System Software 

In case of a system software, it helps the user as well as the hardware to function and even interact with each other easily. Essentially, it is a software which is used to manage the behavior of the computer hardware in order to offer basic functionalities which are needed by the user. In simpler word, it can be said that system software is essentially an intermediator or even a middle layer between the user as well as the hardware.

These software sanction an environment or platform for the other software to easily work in. Hence, it is the reason why the system software is quite important in the management of the entire computer system. Whenever you turn on the computer first, it is this system software which gets initialized and then gets loaded in the system’s memory. A system software essentially runs in the background, and it isn’t actually utilized by the end-users. Due to this reason, the system software is also known popularly as “low-level software”. Companies usually hire the best software development company to build a system software.  

Few of the common system software examples are:

 a. Operating System

 Being a prominent example for system software, it is essentially a collection of software which handles resources as well as offers general services for various other application which actually run over them. There are different types of operating systems like embedded, real-time, distributed, single-user, multi-user, mobile, internet and much more. Full stack web development services develop apps to operate on a mobile operating system like Android and iOS. 

Some of the key examples of operating systems are as follows: 

1.MS Windows 

2.macOS 

3.Linux 

4.iOS 

5.Android  

6.CentOS 

7.Ubuntu 

8.Unix

b. Device Drivers

 This type of software controls particular hardware which is essentially attached to the system. Different hardware devices which require a driver to connect to a system easily consist of displays, printers, sound cards, hard disks, keyboard, and mice.

 Few of the examples of such drivers are:

1. BIOS Driver 

2. Motherboard Drivers 

3. Display Drivers 

4. ROM Drivers 

5. Printer Drivers 

6. USB Drivers 

7. Sound Card Driver 

8.VGA Drivers 

c. Firmware

 It is actually a permanent software which is embedded in the system’s read-only memory. It is essentially a set of instructions which are permanently stored onto to the hardware device. It offers vital information regarding how a particular device interacts with different other hardware.

 Some of the examples of firmware are:

1. Computer Peripherals 

2. Embedded 

3. Systems 

4. UEFI 

5. BIOS

  

 d. Utility

 These software are designed to assist in analyzing, as well as optimizing, along with configuring and maintaining a given computer system. It provides support to the computer infrastructure. Software like disk cleanup and management tools, anti-viruses, defragmenters, compression tools etc. are all utility software. 

Some of its examples are: 

1. Norton Antivirus 

2. McAfee Antivirus 

3. WinRAR 

4. WinZip 

5. Piriform Cleaner  

6. Windows File Explorer 

7. Directory Opus 

8. Razer Cortex

2. Application Software  

They are also popularly known as end-user programs or even productivity programs which assist the user in completing various tasks like conducting online research, making notes, designing graphics, maintaining accounts, carrying out calculations or even playing computer games. They essentially lie above the system software. They are actually used by the end-user as well as have specific functionality or tasks which they are designed to perform. These software are often developed through custom software development, based on the requirements of the users. There is a variety of application software.

 Some of them are:

 a. Word Processors

 Such applications are meant for documentation. It also assists in storing as well as formatting and even printing of the documents. 

Key examples of such software are: 

MS Word  Apple iWork-Pages Corel WordPerfect Google Docs 

 b. Database Software

 It is used to create as well as manage a database and also known as Database Management System or in short, DBMS. Such software assists in the data organization. Some of the examples of DBMS are: MS Access FileMaker dBase Clipper  MySQL FoxPro 

c. Multimedia Software

 This is a software which is able to play, create as well as record images, audio or even video files. These software are utilized for animation, video editing, graphics as well as image editing. Due to the high demand for such software, every software product development company has vast avenues in developing them. Some of the examples of such software are: Adobe Photoshop Picasa VLC Media Player Windows Media Player Windows Movie Maker 

d. Web Browsers 

These software are utilized to browse the internet. Web browsers assist the users in locating as well as retrieving data well across the web. Some of the key examples of them are: Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer Opera UC Browser Safari However, there also exists another classification of the software. They can easily be classified on the basis of their availability as well as sharability. Their classification is as below: 

1. Freeware

 These software are available free of cost. A user can easily download them from the internet and can easily use them without paying any charges or fees. However, they don’t provide any type of liberty to modify the entire software or charging a fixed fee for its distribution. A best software development company can develop its own freeware to reach out to more customers. Some of the examples of these software are: Adobe Reader Skype ImgBurn Audacity Team Viewer Yahoo Messenger 

2. Shareware 

This software is distributed freely to users on a fixed trial basis. It generally comes with a set time limit, and on the expiration of the time limit, the user is finally asked to pay a fixed fee for the continued services. There are different types of shareware such as Freemium, Donationware, Adware, Demoware etc. Few of the examples of shareware are: Adobe Acrobat PHP Debugger WinZip Getright 

3. Open-source

 Such types of software are usually available to users along with their source code which means that the user can easily modify and distribute the software as well as add additional features to them. They can either be chargeable or free. Few of the examples of such software are: Mozilla Firefox Thunderbird GNU Compiler Collection Moodle Apache Web Server

 Conclusion

With the increasing role of software in the daily lives of the people, full stack web development services are now offering the latest software to fulfil their demands. As we know, there are various types of software where the market of system software is already saturated with big players like Microsoft, Apple etc. while application software have stiff competition with established players and new players competing to gain the extra edge. Mentioned above is the explanation of what a software is and the types of software. A software development company can venture into the development of any of these software to earn big profits.

WHAT IS ETHERNET AND ITS TYPES ?

 Ethernet क्या है और किनते प्रकार के है?

Ethernet को “ether net” उचारण किया ज्याता है. ये एक Local Area Network Technology है. इस Technology की मदद से Computers और Networking Devices को आपस में connect किया ज्याता है और information को share किया ज्याता है. जैसे office में, College में, School में किया ज्याता है. “Ethernet” TCP/IP Stack के data link layer का Protocol है. इस Ethernet Technology की मदद से ही LAN में अलग अलग Computer आपस में Information share कर पाते हैं. ये Protocol मतलब Ethernet का काम है,   Information किस Format में Transmit होगा. जैसे की वो एक LAN में information अछे से दुसरे Computer तक पोहांचा सके बिना किसी Error के.

Ethernet LAN में Networking devices के बिच में Information का Communication करवाता है. आप को इसको  को अछेसे समझाने के लिए एक आसन सा उदहारण लेते हैं. जैसे आपका Computer LAB. जहाँ पे Ethernet cable मतलब twisted pair cable की मदद से ही सारे Computer आपस में connected होते हैं. लेकिन जो Information आपके पास आपके Computer तक पोहंच ती है, उस Technology का नाम है Ethernet. जिसको Ethernet protocol भी बोला ज्याता है. वैसे आपको ये तो पता होगा OSI Network Model के 7 layers होते हैं उनमे से “Ethernet” data link layer और “physical layer “दोनों में काम करता है.

Ethernet का इतिहास (History of Ethernet in Hindi)

सुरुवात में Ethernet को Alto Aloha Network बोला ज्याता था. इसको बनाने वाली company का नाम है XeroxPARC. जिसको सन 1973 में Robert Metcalfe ने इजात किया था कुछ और लोगों के साथ मिलके. ये एक पहला network था जो की CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection) Technology का इस्तेमाल करता था. Ethernet तब से अब तक का सबसे तेज और भरोसेमंद network रहा है. जो की अब तक हर जगह मोजूद है. सन 1980 तक ये दुनिया के हर कोने में इस्तेमाल होने लगा था.

Ethernet सुरुवाती दोर में अथिकतम 10 Mega bits per second की speed से चलता था. उसकेबाद बदलते Technology की वजह से 100Mbps की speed से ये काम करने लगा जिसको Fast Ethernet बोला गया. बादमे 1000Mbps जिसको gigabit Ethernet बोला गया और 10 gigabit Ethernet तक अब speed है. जो की अब दोर का सबसे तेज है. आम तोर पर Ethernet cable की लम्बाई 100 मीटर होती लेकिन इस cable की मदद से हम स्कूल, college और office को आसानी से connect कर सकते हैं.

Ethernet Network के लिए कोनसे Component चाहिए

1.    Ethernet Cable

2.    Ethernet HUB

3.    Crossover Cable

4.    Router

Ethernet Network के प्रकार (Types of Ethernet network in hindi)

1. Ethernet

2. Fast Ethernent

3. Gigabit Ethernet

4. 10 Gigabit Ethernet

Ethernet कैसे काम करता है (How Ethernet Works in Hindi)

अगर आपके पास थोडा Computer science का knowledge है तो बड़ी आसानी से आप इस को समझ सकते हो. लेकिन हम आपको सरल भाषा में इसको समझते हैं. जैसे की आपको पता है Ethernet एक LAN technology है. जिसमे data “packet और Frame” के unit में Travel करता है. ये भी उपर समझाया गया था की ये CSMA/CD (Collision Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection) Mechanism का इस्तेमाल करता है.

CSMA/CD मदद से जब भी Ethernet network में एक Computer दुसरे Computer को packet (data) भेजता है. तब ये  main तार (cable) को sense करता है (क्या पता main cable में कोई packet पहले से ही हो). अगर तार में कोई packet नहीं है तब Ethernet packet को main तार में send करता है .(main तार वही है जिसके साथ सारे Computer जुड़े हुए होते हैं) network में जितने भी devices या फिर Computer Connected है वो सब उस packet के Destination address को Check करते हैं. और जिस के साथ वो address मिलता है वही उस Packet को ले लेता है.

अगर main cable ब्यस्थ है तो तो वो Computer 1 second के 1000 में हिसे तक इंतजार करता है और जब भी main cable free होता है वो वापस Packet को भेजता है. CD मतलब Collision Detection की मदद से अगर network में कहीं भी कोई टकरार हो ज्याता है. तो ये उसे Detect करके दिखता है और दुसरे device को बताता है. अब तक तो आप जान गए Ethernet क्या है और कैसे काम करता है. लेकिन अब थोडा बोहत Ethernet cable के बारे में जान लेते हैं.